(一)in the east 與 on the east的區(qū)別
1.in the east表示我們生活中和地理位置上的絕對方向。如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太陽從東邊升起,從西邊落下。
The Great Wall begins in the east from the Shanghaiguan Pass and ends at the Jiayuguan Pass in the west.
長城東起山海關(guān),西至嘉峪關(guān)。
2.on the east表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向。這里的方向是相對而言的。如:
China faces the Pacific on the east. 中國東臨太平洋。
The United States faces the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west. 美國東臨大西洋,西瀕太平洋。
(二) in (to,on,at) the east of
1.要表示A在B的東部,即:A在B的范圍之內(nèi)時(shí)就用"A is in the east of B",如:
Japan is in the east of Asia.日本在亞洲東部。
Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利在歐洲南部。
2.如果A在B的東方,即:A在B的范圍之外,且相隔有一定的距離,就用"A lies to the east of B".口語中有時(shí)可將to the省去。如:
Japan lies (to the) east of China.日本位于中國東方。
France lies (to the) east of England.法國位于英國東方。
3.如果A在B的東邊(側(cè)),即:A與B相鄰接。就用"A is on the east of B". 如:
Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.廣東在湖南南邊。
Shangdong is on the north of Jiangsu.山東在江蘇北邊。
4.如果把方位詞當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體看,或是看成一點(diǎn),就用"A is at the east of B" 如:
There was a big battle at the north of the Liaodong Peninsula.
在遼東半島的北邊有一場大戰(zhàn)。
5.如果要表示“A位于B東面100公里處”時(shí)我們既可以說"A lies l00km to the east of B",也可以說"A lies 100km east of B". 后者在美國口語中更為常見。如:
The plane crashed 30 miles south of the city.飛機(jī)在離城南30英里處墜毀。
Suzhou lies 50 miles to the west of Shanghai.蘇州位于上海西面50英里處。
(三) 漢語里“東南西北”的先后順序到英語里就變成了north,south,east,west;并由此有了下列中、英文表達(dá)上的差異。
東南方:southeast 西南方:southwest
西北方:northwest 東北方:northeast
如:十三陵位于北京西北50公里處。
The Ming Tombs are located about 50 km to the northwest of Beijing.
天津位于北京東南120公里處。
Tiajin is situated l20 km southeast of Beijing.
(四)要表示方位的“偏向”時(shí)通常用by
正東偏北: east by north
正南偏西: south by west
正北偏東: north by east
正南偏東: south by east
如:We are sailing in the direction of east by north.我們正朝著正東偏北方向航行。
The island lies south by east from here.那個(gè)島位于此地的正南偏東方向。