At a party last week, I met a man who until recently was a government minister. We chatted about this and that, and he said how much he was enjoying his assortment of sinecures – non-executive directorships, speaking engagements and so on. He had both more money and more spare time than he used to have; in all, life was good. I asked him if he was missing the power. He looked at me as if I were a simpleton. Government ministers don't have any power, he said.

As an agony aunt, I am used to people telling me that their jobs are meaningless. In fact, this is the most popular problem that readers submit. Lawyers, bankers, fund managers and all sorts of people with grand jobs write in with the same complaint: the money may be good but where is the meaning? How can I make a difference, they wail.

I always tell them to stop looking for meaning at once. If they go out looking, they are most unlikely to find anything. It is the same thing with happiness: the more you search, the less you find.

No one takes the tiniest shred of notice of this excellent advice. The search for meaning at work not only goes on unabated but it also seems to be getting more urgent all the time. When government ministers join City professionals in fretting that their work doesn't amount to a row of beans, we are really in trouble.

This crisis of meaningless is a relatively new thing. A report from the Work Foundation published last week argues that looking for meaning at work would have seemed outlandish even a generation ago. But now, as a joint result of affluence and our general leaning towards introspection, it has become the norm. We all insist that our jobs should mean something.

The author of the report, Stephen Overell, points out that meaning is a subjective thing: what counts as meaningful work to one person won't to another. This means that companies, for all their insistence on “employee engagement programmes”, can't create meaning and should not try.

Instead they should concentrate on not destroying it – which many of them manage to do effortlessly enough through treating their employees badly.

There are two things that give work meaning. First is the satisfaction that comes from the work itself. I am lucky in this way: I (mostly) enjoy putting one word in front of another, and that is meaning enough for me. Yet this sort of simple pleasure in the job is not open to most people: the majority of jobs are either boring or beastly or both.

The second strand is the more dangerous one. That meaningful work must be somehow worthwhile; that in doing it we must feel that we are making a difference. This way of thinking can only lead to despair. If you start asking if your job is worthwhile, you have to conclude it isn't. Viewed this way, all work is pretty meaningless, whether you are journalist, banker, busker or government minister.

In fact, whoever coined the phrase “making a difference” has made a difference, though not a positive one. The phrase gestures towards grandiose achievement that is out of reach for almost everybody. Most of us make very little difference at all – which stands to reason if you think there are 30m workers making it almost impossible that any of us will make a difference, except to the people we work directly with.

But what is the matter with that? Why isn't that enough? Indeed, according to a survey published last week by YouGov, having nice colleagues is as important as money in persuading employees to stay in their jobs. This means that simply by being liked by your colleagues you are making a difference, even if only a modest one.

In fact, as long as we set our sights low enough we all do make a difference at work. By performing the tasks we are supposed to perform, we are making a difference to our employers. If we weren't, they would have fired us long ago.

Yet many clever, decent managers don't find this enough. A friend who works for a large company that sells dog food said to me the other day that, if she didn't do something worthwhile at work soon, she was going to go mad. So she has come up with a charity for her company to sponsor in Africa, and suddenly claimed that the meaning was back in her job.

This strikes me as an upside-down way of looking at things. If we define meaning as helping people in faraway places, we implicitly subtract meaning from the actual work we are doing. Helping Africa is a good thing but, then, so is selling dog food. A dog has to eat, after all.

There is a tiny glimmer of hope that we will all soon start to be less unreasonable in demanding reason from work. And that glimmer comes, of all places, from the credit crunch. If my agony customers are anything to go by, the people who worry most are in grand City jobs. My hunch is that this is because they are paid so much more than they feel their efforts are really worth – a thought that tips them straight into the it's-all-meaningless abyss. But when these people feel that their pay may cease altogether as they join the other thousands who have just been fired, they may suddenly find that their jobs aren't quite so meaningless after all. Or, better still, they will stop asking themselves the question. 

 
在最近的一個(gè)宴會(huì)上，我遇到一位剛剛卸任政府部長(zhǎng)的先生。我們聊了很多，他談到自己是多么喜愛(ài)現(xiàn)在各種各樣的閑差——擔(dān)任非執(zhí)行董事，應(yīng)邀演講等等。與以前相比，不僅錢(qián)掙得多，空閑時(shí)間也更多；一句話(huà)，生活真美好。我問(wèn)他是否懷念權(quán)力在握的感覺(jué)。他看著我的樣子就好像我是個(gè)傻子。他說(shuō)，政府部長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有任何權(quán)力。

作為一個(gè)讀者來(lái)信專(zhuān)欄的作者，我見(jiàn)慣了人們向我訴說(shuō)他們的工作毫無(wú)意義。事實(shí)上，這是讀者提的最多的問(wèn)題。律師、銀行家、基金經(jīng)理以及各種各樣有著風(fēng)光工作的人都來(lái)信抱怨同一個(gè)問(wèn)題：錢(qián)倒不少，但意義在哪兒？他們哀嘆：我怎樣才能改變。

我總是告訴他們：立刻停止追尋什么意義，如果他們出去找尋么意義，最有可能的結(jié)果是什么都找不到。這與幸福一樣：你搜尋得越多，找到的也就越少。

如此高明的建議，人們卻一點(diǎn)都聽(tīng)不進(jìn)去。對(duì)于工作意義的追尋不僅絲毫未減，而且似乎變得越來(lái)越迫切。當(dāng)政府部長(zhǎng)也加入金融城專(zhuān)業(yè)人士的行列，抱怨工作毫無(wú)價(jià)值時(shí)，我們真的有麻煩了。

相對(duì)而言，這場(chǎng)意義缺失危機(jī)是新事物。Work Foundation上周發(fā)表的一份報(bào)告稱(chēng)，即便是一代人之前，追尋工作的意義也顯得比較古怪。但現(xiàn)在，在社會(huì)富裕與我們普遍自省傾向的共同作用下，這已成為常事。我們都堅(jiān)信，自己的工作應(yīng)該有一定意義。

這份報(bào)告的作者斯蒂芬•奧弗雷爾(Stephen Overell)指出，意義是一種主觀上的東西，對(duì)一個(gè)人有意義的工作，未必對(duì)另一個(gè)人也有意義。這意味著盡管公司都熱衷于“員工參與項(xiàng)目”，但它們并不能創(chuàng)造意義，也不應(yīng)去嘗試。

它們應(yīng)該把精力集中在不要摧毀意義上——通過(guò)惡劣地對(duì)待員工，許多公司輕而易舉地做到了這一點(diǎn)。

有兩樣?xùn)|西能給工作賦予意義。一是來(lái)自于工作本身的滿(mǎn)足感。在這一點(diǎn)上我是幸運(yùn)的。（通常）我很享受碼字的樂(lè)趣，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)這意義就足夠了。然而，大多數(shù)人并不能感受到工作中這種簡(jiǎn)單的快樂(lè)：大多數(shù)工作不是無(wú)聊透頂就是令人憎惡，要么就是兩者兼而有之。

第二點(diǎn)更為危險(xiǎn)。有意義的工作肯定是多少有些價(jià)值的；在從事那份工作時(shí)，我們一定要覺(jué)得自己在做一件重要的事。這種思維方式只能帶來(lái)失望。如果你開(kāi)始問(wèn)自己的工作是否有價(jià)值，你不得不做出否定的結(jié)論。以這種方式來(lái)思考的話(huà)，所有工作都很沒(méi)意義，無(wú)論你是記者、銀行家、接頭藝人抑或政府部長(zhǎng)。

事實(shí)上，無(wú)論是誰(shuí)想出了“起到重要作用”這個(gè)說(shuō)法，他就已經(jīng)與眾不同了，盡管這不是一個(gè)積極的想法。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)用以表示的宏偉成就，是幾乎所有人都無(wú)法達(dá)到的。我們中的多數(shù)人歸根到底幾乎沒(méi)有什么影響——這是顯而易見(jiàn)的，如果你想想看有3000萬(wàn)工人，這就使得某些人要有重大影響幾乎不可能，除了對(duì)那些與我們直接共事的人以外。

但這究竟又什么問(wèn)題？為什么這還不夠呢？事實(shí)上，YouGov上周發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，在說(shuō)服員工留在自己工作崗位上方面，擁有好同事與金錢(qián)同樣重要。這就意味著，只要同事喜歡你，你就已經(jīng)有了重要的影響，即便這只是一種不大的影響。

事實(shí)上，只要我們的眼光放得足夠低，我們所有人都能在工作中發(fā)揮作用。通過(guò)完成我們應(yīng)該完成的任務(wù)，我們對(duì)自己的雇主產(chǎn)生影響。如果我們沒(méi)有做到這點(diǎn)的話(huà)，他們?cè)缇桶盐覀兘夤土恕?/p>

不過(guò)，仍有許多聰明、體面的經(jīng)理覺(jué)得這還不夠。一位就職于一家大型狗糧公司的朋友前幾天對(duì)我說(shuō)，如果不盡快在工作中做一些有價(jià)值的事情，她就要瘋了。因此，她向公司提出在非洲發(fā)起一項(xiàng)慈善活動(dòng)，并且突然聲稱(chēng)自己的工作又有意義了。

這種倒置的看待事物的方式，讓我深受觸動(dòng)。如果我們將“有意義”定義為幫助遠(yuǎn)方的人，我們已經(jīng)不知不覺(jué)地把實(shí)際工作中的意義給減去了。幫助非洲人是一件好事，但賣(mài)狗糧也是。畢竟，狗也是需要吃飯的。

有一道微弱的希望之光：我們很快就會(huì)開(kāi)始不那么計(jì)較工作的理由。這一道希望之光來(lái)自于信貸危機(jī)。如果看看我那些苦惱的專(zhuān)欄讀者，最苦惱的是那些在金融城擔(dān)任要職的人。我猜想，這是由于他們的薪酬遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于他們心目中自己努力的真正價(jià)值——這種想法讓他們落入了“一切都毫無(wú)意義”的深淵。但當(dāng)這些人感覺(jué)到，隨著他們加入成千上萬(wàn)的失業(yè)大軍，他們的薪酬可能會(huì)完全停止時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)：自己的工作其實(shí)并不是那么沒(méi)意義�；蚋�好一點(diǎn)，他們會(huì)停止問(wèn)自己這個(gè)問(wèn)題。