Tackling just five health factors could prevent millions of premature deaths and increase global life expectancy by almost 5 years.

    Poor childhood nutrition, unsafe sex, alcohol, bad sanitation and hygiene, and high blood pressure are to blame for around a quarter of the 60 million premature deaths around the world each year, the WHO said in a report.

    But while not having enough nutritious food is a big health risk for those in poorer countries, obesity and being overweight pose yet bigger risks in richer nations -- leading to a situation in which obesity and being overweight causes more deaths worldwide than being underweight.

    The world faces some large, widespread and certain risks to health. It examined 24 major health risks, and said recognizing and assessing them would help policy makers draw up strategies to improve health in the broadest and most cost-effective ways.

    Reducing the burden of disease in the poor may raise income levels, which in turn will further help to reduce health inequalities.

    The report warned that although some major health risk factors, such as smoking, obesity and being overweight, were usually associated with high-income countries, more than three-quarters of the total global burden of diseases they cause now occurs in poor and developing countries.

    Health risks are in transition: populations are aging owing to successes against infectious diseases; at the same time, patterns of physical activity and food, alcohol and tobacco consumption are changing.

    Understanding the role of these risk factors is important for developing clear and effective strategies for improving global health.

    The Geneva-based U.N. health agency listed the world's top mortality risks as high blood pressure （responsible for 13 percent of deaths globally）, tobacco use （9 percent）, high blood glucose （6 percent）, physical inactivity （6 percent）, and obesity or being overweight （5 percent）.

    These factors raised the risk of chronic diseases and some of the biggest killers such as heart disease, diabetes and cancers, and affected "countries across all income groups -- high, middle and low," it said.

    The poorest countries still face a high and concentrated burden from poverty, undernutrition, unsafe sex, unsafe water and sanitation," it said. "At the same time, dietary risk factors for high blood pressure, cholesterol and obesity, coupled with insufficient physical activity, are responsible for an increasing proportion of the total disease burden.

    控制五個(gè)健康因素能夠減少數(shù)以百萬(wàn)級(jí)的的早產(chǎn)兒死亡和延長(zhǎng)全球預(yù)期壽命長(zhǎng)達(dá)五年。

    全球衛(wèi)生組織在一份報(bào)告中稱，在全球每年6千萬(wàn)的早產(chǎn)兒死亡中，有四分之一要?dú)w責(zé)于兒童期營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良，高危性行為，酗酒，環(huán)境及醫(yī)療不良和高血壓。

    盡管在貧窮國(guó)家中是兒童期營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良造成了巨大健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是在富裕的國(guó)家，肥胖和超重是產(chǎn)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的主因，導(dǎo)致了肥胖和超重造成的死亡多于體重不足造成的死亡的現(xiàn)象。

    整個(gè)世界面臨著一些巨大的，廣泛存在特定的的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 已經(jīng)有24個(gè)主要健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)被檢測(cè)出來(lái)，而且據(jù)說將其整理并評(píng)估將會(huì)幫助政策制定者以最廣泛和最有成效的方式制定戰(zhàn)略來(lái)提高健康水平

    減少在貧窮地區(qū)的治病負(fù)擔(dān)可以提升收入等級(jí)，在將來(lái)可以減少健康的不均衡。

    該報(bào)告警告說盡管一些主要健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要素，像是吸煙，肥胖以及超重經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在高收入國(guó)家，但是超過四分之三的全球疾病總負(fù)擔(dān)發(fā)生在貧窮和發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

    健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)正在發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變： 人類正在應(yīng)付傳染性疾病，與此同時(shí)，體育鍛煉和食物，酒類和香煙消費(fèi)也在發(fā)生變化。

    理解這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的角色對(duì)于制定清晰有效的戰(zhàn)略來(lái)提高全球健康非常重要。

    位于日內(nèi)瓦的聯(lián)合國(guó)世界衛(wèi)生組織列出了世界級(jí)的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)像是高血壓（占全球致死比例百分之十三）,吸煙（百分之九）,高血糖（百分之六）,機(jī)體功能喪失（百分之六）,以及肥胖和超重（百分之五）.

    這些要素提高了慢性病的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而一些最大的致死因素例如心臟病，糖尿病和癌癥，報(bào)告提到，影響到"橫跨所有國(guó)家，不論高中低".

    報(bào)告提到：最貧窮的國(guó)家仍然面對(duì)著嚴(yán)重的來(lái)自貧窮的負(fù)擔(dān)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良，高危性行為和環(huán)境衛(wèi)生。 與此同時(shí)，食品相關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要素例如高血壓，高膽固醇和肥胖，伴隨著的機(jī)體功能減弱，在總的疾病負(fù)擔(dān)重的比例在不斷上升。