單詞與詞組   Words and phrases

    ①transition   n. 轉(zhuǎn)變

    ②interdependence   n. 互相依賴

    ③nutrition    n. 營養(yǎng)

    ④inadequate    n. 不適當(dāng)?shù)?br />
    ⑤traumatic    a. 創(chuàng)傷的

    ⑥deter   v. 阻止  

    ⑦autonomy    n. 自主 

    ⑧actualization   n. 實現(xiàn)

    ⑨cope   v. 處理

    ⑩hang on to    v. 緊緊握住 

    ⑾repress   v. 壓制 

    ⑿channel   v. 引導(dǎo)

    Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition① from total helplessness to independence and then to interdependence②. Losers do not. Somewhere along the line they begin to avoid becoming self-responsible.

    盡管成功立業(yè)的能力與生俱來，人們出生之際也是無助的，完完全全地依賴環(huán)境而生存。成功者順利地從完全的無助過渡到自立，接著再過渡到人際間的相互依存。失敗者則不然。在這一過程的某一環(huán)節(jié)上，他們開始不愿對自己負(fù)責(zé)。

    Few people are total winners or losers. Most of them are winners in some areas of their lives and losers in others. Their winning or losing is influenced by what happens to them in childhood.

    很少有人是完全的成功者或失敗者。大多數(shù)人在人生的某些方面是成功者，而在另外一些方面則是失敗者。人的成功和失敗與童年的經(jīng)歷有關(guān)。

    A lack of response to dependency needs, poor nutrition③, brutality, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, inadequate④ physical care, and traumatic⑤ events are among the many experiences that contribute to making people losers. 

    諸如嬰幼兒時期無人照顧，營養(yǎng)不良，受到虐待，不良的人際關(guān)系，疾病，接踵而至的挫折，不良的醫(yī)療條件造成心靈創(chuàng)痛的事件等，這一切經(jīng)歷都可能導(dǎo)致人生的失敗。

    Such experiences interrupt, deter⑥, or prevent the normal progress toward autonomy⑦ and self-actualization⑧. To cope⑨ with negative experiences a child learns to manipulate himself and others. These manipulative techniques are hard to give up later in life and often become set patterns. A winner works to shed them. A loser hangs on to⑩ them.

    這些經(jīng)歷中斷、延緩或阻礙了走向自立和自我實現(xiàn)的正常進(jìn)程。在應(yīng)付負(fù)面經(jīng)歷的過程中，小孩子學(xué)會了操縱自己和他人。這些操縱性手腕在成年后很難棄絕，常常變成頑固的習(xí)性，成功者竭力棄絕這種習(xí)性，而失敗者深陷其中，難以自拔。

    A loser represses⑾ his capacity to express spontaneously and appropriately his full range of possible behavior. He may be unaware of other options for his life if the path he chooses goes nowhere. He is afraid to try new things. He maintains his own status. He is a repeater. He repeats not only his mistakes, but also those of his family and culture.

    失敗者壓抑自己以自然而得體的方式靈活行事的能力。他選擇的道路是條死胡同，他不明白人生中還有其他許多選擇。他不敢進(jìn)行新的嘗試。他維持著現(xiàn)狀。他只在原地踏步，不僅重復(fù)著自己的錯誤，而且重復(fù)著他的家庭和本民族的錯誤。

    A loser has difficulty giving and receiving affection. He does not enter into intimate, honest, direct relationships with others. Instead, he tries to manipulate them into living up to his expectations and channels⑿ his energies into living up to their expectations.

    失敗者難以表達(dá)或接受愛意。他從不與他人建立親密、誠實而直率的關(guān)系。反之，他試圖操縱他人，希望他人不辜負(fù)他的期望，而自己也竭力去迎合他人的期望。