Genetically modified fish are destined to hit the food cases of supermarkets at some point. Unfortunately, the risks of genetically modified fish may not be worth the potential benefits. Here's why.

    It's coming whether you like it or not. Genetically modified fish are expected to become an important part of the future food supply. Why? Because they grow at a rate that's up to two times faster than fish that haven't been modified and they're able to use food more efficiently which means it costs less to feed them. What fish farmer wouldn't like that? Unfortunately, a new report from the University of Gotherberg in Sweden suggests that genetically modified fish could be a significant threat to human health.

    The Toxin Problem

    According to this report, genetically modified fish have had genes inserted that not only help them grow faster and resist infection, but also make them more resistant to toxins. This means they could potentially build up higher levels of harmful substances which would be transmitted to humans when they're eaten With their already being concern about toxins in fish such as PCB's, dioxins, and mercury, this could raise an even higher levels of health concern, particularly for children and pregnant women who may be particularly susceptible to food-borne toxins.

    What If They Escape?

    There's also concern about the effects genetically modified fish would have on the environment should they escape into the wild. These modified fish would have a distinct advantage when it comes to competing in the wild due to their more efficient use of nutrients and their increased ability to resist infections that other fish might be susceptible to.

    If modified fish escaped into the wild, they would be able to freely breed with other non-modified fish which would create fish with unique genetic make-ups and unknown health effects when eaten by humans. Plus, there's concern that genetically modified fish that escaped into the world could upset the natural ecosystem. Like opening Pandora's box, it would be an irreversible step that could forever change the delicate ecological balance.

    A Possible Solution?

    Despite the fact that genetically modified fish are farmed and not allowed access to the wild, fish do escape from fish farms. In Europe, it's estimated that up to two million escape from farms each year. As a way to rectify this problem, there's talk of using only genetically modified fish that are sterile so they would be unable to breed with wild fish should they escape. The technique of making genetically modified fish sterile is still in its early stages and has yet to be perfected.

    The Bottom Line?

    Genetically modified fish present even more health issues than non-modified farmed fish – fish that are known to be high in toxins and likely pose health risks to humans. Genetically modified fish could potentially accumulate even higher amounts of these toxins. At the same time, they could upset the natural ecosystem if they escaped into the wild. Are the potential benefits worth such a risk?

    轉(zhuǎn)基因魚注定在某個(gè)時(shí)候要闖入超市的食品盒。不幸的是，為潛在的利益而冒轉(zhuǎn)基因魚的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能是不值得的。這里講述其原因。

    不管你喜不喜歡，這種情況正在到來(lái)。轉(zhuǎn)基因魚有望成為未來(lái)的食品供應(yīng)的一個(gè)重要組成部分。為什么呢？ 因?yàn)樗鼈兊某砷L(zhǎng)速度達(dá)到非轉(zhuǎn)基因魚的兩倍，它們能夠更有效地利用食物，這意味著喂養(yǎng)它們花更少的費(fèi)用。魚場(chǎng)主難道不會(huì)喜歡這樣嗎？ 不幸的是，瑞典 Gotherberg 大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)新的報(bào)告提出，轉(zhuǎn)基因魚對(duì)人類的健康可能是一個(gè)重大的威脅。

    毒素問題

    根據(jù)這份報(bào)告，轉(zhuǎn)基因魚具有插入的基因，不僅可以幫助它們更快地成長(zhǎng)并且抵抗感染，而且也使它們更能抵抗毒素。這意味著它們可能潛在地積累更高數(shù)量級(jí)的有害物質(zhì)，會(huì)將人們已經(jīng)很關(guān)注的在魚身上的毒物例如聚氯聯(lián)苯、二惡英以及水銀傳給食用它們的人類。這可能引起更高層次的健康關(guān)注，特別是對(duì)于對(duì)食源性毒素可能尤其敏感的兒童和孕婦。

    如果它們逃掉了呢？

    也擔(dān)心如果轉(zhuǎn)基因魚逃到野外可能對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。這些轉(zhuǎn)基因魚，由于它們能夠更有效的利用營(yíng)養(yǎng)以及它們對(duì)于其它魚類可能容易感染的病害具有更高的抵抗能力，與野生魚相比可能會(huì)有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

    如果轉(zhuǎn)基因魚逃到野外，他們可以自由地與其它非轉(zhuǎn)基因的魚進(jìn)行繁殖，可能創(chuàng)造出具有獨(dú)特基因構(gòu)成的以及被人吃掉時(shí)健康影響未知的魚。加上還有轉(zhuǎn)基因魚逃到世界將會(huì)打亂自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的擔(dān)心。就像打開潘朵拉的盒子那樣，它會(huì)是一種不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的過(guò)程，可能永遠(yuǎn)改變世界微妙的生態(tài)平衡。

    一個(gè)可能的解決方案？

    盡管事實(shí)上轉(zhuǎn)基因魚是養(yǎng)殖而且不允許進(jìn)入野外的，但是仍然有魚逃離漁場(chǎng)。在歐洲，據(jù)估計(jì)每年有 200 萬(wàn)條魚逃離漁場(chǎng)。作為解決此問題的一種方法，大家都說(shuō)只使用不育的轉(zhuǎn)基因魚，如果跑掉，它們不能與野生魚類繁殖。但是培育不育轉(zhuǎn)基因魚的技術(shù)還處于初級(jí)階段，還有待完善。

    底線？

    轉(zhuǎn)基因魚比非轉(zhuǎn)基因養(yǎng)殖魚呈現(xiàn)更多的健康問題--已知魚類是含有毒素較高的，并且可能對(duì)人類造成健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；而轉(zhuǎn)基因魚可以潛在地把這些毒素積累到更高的數(shù)量。與此同時(shí)，如果它們逃到野外，也可能會(huì)干擾自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。值得為可能的好處冒這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)嗎？